Cylinder head construction for water cooling



March 22, 1949. R, G, OLSON 2,465,260

CYLINDER HEAD CONSTRUCTION FOR WATER COOLING Filed Sept. 6, 1944 Zhwentor Raymond (5.015011 Gttorncg Patented Mar. 22,1949

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE crnmnsn 1mm cons'muc'rion roa ws'ran 000mm Raymond G. Olson, Chevy Chase. Md.

Application September-6, 1844, Serial No. 552,889

8 Claims. (Cl. 123-178) This invention relates to cylinder head constructions for internal combustion engines. In particular, it is concerned with a fabricated cylinder head construction embodying a water jacket and having all of the walls thereof formed entirely of pressed sheet-metal.-

General objects of my invention are to 0011? struct a cylinder head of light weight but adequate strength; to devise a construction having improved cooling efliciency; and to devise a construction which may be manufactured easily and in large numbers at low cost.

Other objects are to devise a cylinder head construction embodying a water Jacket, the walls of which are formed of only two parts which are pressed from sheet-metal; to devise a cylinder head construction which is devoid of cast metal and is made entirely of metal which has been rolled, wrought, or forged; to provide a novel construction at the places where the spark plugs are located; to provide a novel construction in places where the cylinder head is bolted to the cylinder block and to provide a novel construe-'- tion of water passages from the cylinder head to the water jacket around the cylinders.

The preferred form of my invention and certain variations thereof are illustrated in the accompan'ying drawing in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a cylinder head for a multiple cylinder engine, the construction being shown in section along a vertical plane passing transversely through one of the spark plug holes;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of Figure '1 takenin a vertical planealong the line 22;

Figure 3 illustrates a modified construction of the arrangement shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 illustrates a modified construction at the spark plug opening; and

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of Figure 1 taken in a vertical plane along the line 5-5.

Referring to the drawing, the cylinder head is constructed principally of two parts I and 2 both of which are formed from pressed sheet-metal, preferably rolled steel. The lower part I is formed from a plate of heavier gauge material than the other part 2 and is stamped or shaped to include the combustion chambers Ia and lb which are located above the cylinders. Except forthe combustion chamberrecesses, the part I is otherwise flat, and it has a flat marginal portion I 0 extending entirely aroundthe construction. The upper part 2 is also formed from a flat plate, and its general shape is that of aligned holes which receive the reduced ends of an alignment with a passage 6a leading to or an inverted tray having a flat bottom wall, a vertical wall 2a and a flat marginal flange 21: extending entirely around the structure and resting on the marginal portion Ic of the plate I. The plate 2 is also provided with recesses or depressions 8 located at the sparkv plug positions. and preferably these depressions are formed with flat annular bottom portions 2a surrounding an integral sleeve portion 3b which is threaded to receive the spark plug, the lower end of the. sleeve extending through a hole formed in plate I and being turned over against the lower face of this plate as shown at 30. A spacing washer or ring I is positioned to surround the sleeve 3b and is interposed between the annular bottom 3a and the top side of plate I. Sleeves 3b serve to clamp plates I and 2 together at the spark plug positions.

At points lying between adjacent combustion chambers, the plates I and 2 are provided with sleeves 5' through which suitable bolts may pass for the'purpose of clamping the cylinder head to the cylinder block. Similar arrangements may be provided at each end of the cylinder head. By

this construction. the sleeves 5 receive the entire clamping force of the bolts and there is no tendency to distort or crush the water jacket construction embodied in the cylinder head.

The flat horizontal marginal flange 2b of the upper part 2 extends entirely around the head construction except that at suitable points indicated at 2cand 2c the vertical wall 20 and the flange 2b are formed into a passageway which extends over an opening Id formed in the marginal portion Ic of plate I. This construction provides a passageway from the water space in the cylinder vhead to the space in the water Jacket surrounding the cylinders in the cylinder block. This arrangement is clearly illustrated in Figure 5 where it will be seen that the marginal portion I c of the plate I is seated on the upper face of the cylinder block 6 and the opening Id is forming part of the water space of the cooling jacket surrounding the cylinders in the cylinder block. A suitable opening will be provided in the central portion of plate 2, preferably at one end, to which a suitable water connection may be made.

In forming my improved cylinder head construction, the parts I and 2 are first stamped into proper shape, including the formation of the various depressions, recesses and apertures in the two plates. In assembling the parts, they may be assembled in normal position with plate I on the bottom or in inverted position with plate 2 on the bottom. In either case, ring 4 is provided around each spark plug opening and a spacer sleeve 5 is provided for each bolt-hole. Also, be-

fore parts I and 2 are brought together. copper wire, or copper in any other suitable form, is arranged along each joint where two parts come into contact. and this is for the p p se of brazing the two parts together at the joint. For example, for the joint between the two flanges lo and 2b, the copper wire may be arranged as shown at I in Figure 1, and for brazing the Joints between spacer sleeve I and the parts I and 2. rings of copper wire may be arranged around the sleeve as shown at la and lb in Figure 2. It will be understood that all Joints which might allow leakage for either water or gas are to be brazed. After the parts are assembled, parts I and 2 are secured together temporarily by spot welding the flange 2b to the flange Ic at various points such as those indicated by the mark in Figure 1. The lower ends of spark plug sleeves 221 may be turned or rolledover as shown at 2c in Figure 1. After this. the assembled structure is placed in an oven and heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen to a temperature ranging from 2040' F. to 2200 F. and is maintained at this temperature sumciently long to permit the melting of the copper which then flows into the adjacent Joints and forms a fluid-tight seal at each Joint. After the brazed structure has been allowed to cool, it may then be machined into flnishedform by threading of sleeves 2b.

Figure 3 shows a modified arrangement of spacer sleeve 5. In this construction the reduced ends of the sleeve extend beyond the plates I and 2 and are turned over to form clamping beads as shown. It will be understood that the lower bead must not extend beyond the lower face of plate I by a distance greater than the thickness of the gasket to be inserted between the cylinder head and the cylinder block.

Figure 4 shows an alternative construction at the spark plug opening. In this arrangement a separate internally threaded sleeve I is provided for receiving the spark plugs, the upper end of.

the sleeve being turned over at so and bearing against the annular bottom wall In of the recess 2, and the lower end of the sleeve being turned over against the underface of plate I. Also, the spacer ring so may be formed as a separate sleeve or an integral extension of the walls of the recess 3 formed in plate 2. It will be obvious that other variations are possible within the scope of my invention.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that my cylinder head construction is simple and rugged, and may be manufactured in quantity at low cost. The lower plate I is formed of sheet steel of sufllcient thickness to withstand the explosion pressures developed in the cylinders and exerted against the combustion chambers formed in this plate. The upper plate 2 is preferably formed of relatively thin sheet-metal to provide eflicient heat radiation from the water jacket. It will also be seen that the two flat marginal portions of plates I and 2 are arranged in contact and, when brazed in the manner described, form a water-tight Joint between the two plates and constitute an integral flange surrounding the water jacket embodied in the head construction.

The lower face of this flange forms the seatcylinder block as shown in Figure 5. The bolt holes s are formed in this flange and are positioned entirely outside of the Jacket space oi the head.

I claim:

1. In a cylinder head construction, a lower plate member formed of pressed sheet-metal and having a flat marginal portion, an upper plate formed of pressed sheet-metal and having an outwardly extending flat marginal portion arranged in contact with the marginal portion of the lower plate and having the central portion thereof recessed to provide a water Jacket between said plates, said marginal portions being joined together to provide a fluid-tight joint between said plates and forming an integral flange surrounding and extending outwardly from said jacket, and said flange being provided with spaced holes for bolting said head to a cylinder block, and the lower face of said flange constituting a seating surface for said head.

2. A cylinder head construction according to claim 1 in which the marginal portion of the lower plate isprovided with an aperture positioned to communicate with the water jacket in the cylinder block, and the recessed part of the upper plate is extended over said aperture to provide a water passage from said aperture to the jacket space within said head construction.

3. In a cylinder head construction for a multicylinder engine, a lower pressed sheet-metal plate having a plurality of combustion chambers formed therein and having a flat marginal portion surrounding said chambers, an upper pressed sheet-metal plate having an outwardly extending flat marginal portion arranged in contact with the marginal portion of said lower plate and having the central portion thereof recessed to provide a water jacket above said combustion o chambers, said plates being provided with aligned bolt holes at points between adjacent combustion chambers, and spacer sleeves located between said plates and surrounding said holes, said sleeves having an enlarged central portion serving to space said plates and reduced end portions extending through said holes, whereby said sleeves receive the pressure of the clamping bolts.

4. In a cylinder head construction, a pair of spaced plates forming the upper and lower walls of a cooling jacket, said plates having vertically aligned holes, spacer means arranged coaxially with said holes and serving to maintain said plates in predetermined spaced relation, and means for clamping said plates together at said aligned holes comprising a sleeve mounted within said spacing means, said clamping sleeve being threaded to form a support for a spark plug.

5. A cylinder head construction according to claim 4 wherein said clamping sleeve is formed integrally with one of said plates and the free end thereof extends through the hole formed in the other plate and is turned over against the outer surface of said other plate.

6. A cylinder head construction according to claim 4 wherein said spacer means comprises a sleeve formed integrally with one of said plates and abuts against the inner surface of the other plate.

7. In a cylinder head construction for a multicylinder engine, a lower pressed sheet-metal plate having a plurality of combustion chambers formed therein and having a flat marginal portion surrounding said chambers, an upper pressed sheet-metal plate having a flat marginal portion ing surface for the head when it is bolted to the arranged in contact with the marginal portion marginal portion thereof positioned to communicate with the water jacket in the cylinder block, and the reeessed'part of the upper plate being extended'over said aperture to provide a water passage from said aperture to the jacket space within said head construction, said lower plate being provided with a spark plug aperture in each combustion chamber, and said upper plate having integrally formed, internally threaded sleeves extending into said spark plug apertures and having the ends thereof turned over against the underface of said lower plate.

8. In a cylinder head construction, upper and lower plates each having a flat outwardly extendingmarginal portion of substantially the same area and configuration, and at least one plate having the central portion thereof shaped to provide Jacket space between said plates when said marginal portions are arranged in superposed relation, and said marginal portions being brazed together to .provide a fluid-tight joint between said plates and forming an integral flange surrounding and extending outwardly from said Jacket, the lower face of said flange constituting a seating surface for said head and being adapted to be bolted to a cylinder block.

RAYMOND G. OLSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,241,024 Ross Sept. 25, 1917 1,270,044 Murray June 18. 1918 1,647,848 Woolson 'Nov. 1, 1927 1,720,711 Angle July 16, 1929 2,113,629 Rabezzana Apr. 12, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 281,106 Great Britain 1927 281,484 Great Britain 192'! 636,678 France 1928 France 1935 

